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A
ABORTION
- premature expulsion of a non-living fetus; expulsion or loss of fetuses before the completion of pregnancy, and before they are able to survive.
ABSCESS
-localized collection of pus.
ACCLIMATIZATION
- adjustment of the breeding pig to the conditions of the prevailing conditions on the farm to which it has been introduced to enable it to perform at optimum standards.
ALL -OUT/ALL-IN
- management method wherein a group of fattening pigs enters the unit at the same time and leaves together at a certain period once they reach the market or slaughter weight.
ANESTRUS
- inability to come into heat.
ANOXIA
- lack of oxygen in the blood or tissues.
ANOREXIA
- a lack or loss of appetite for food.
ANTIBIOTIC
- a chemical substance derived from a mold or bacteria that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms.
ANTIBODY
- a protein substance developed or synthesized by lymphoid tissues of the body in response to an antigenic stimulus. Each antigen elicits production of a specific antibody. In disease defense, the animal must have an encounter with the pathogen before the specific antibody is developed in its blood.
ANTIGEN
- a high molecular-weight substance (usually a protein) which, when foreign to the bloodstream of an animal, stimulates formation of a specific antibody and reacts specifically in vivo or in vitro with its homologous antibody.
ANTISEPTIC
- a chemical substance that prevents the growth and development of microorganisms.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
- a method of breeding where in semen is introduce with the use of a catheter.
ARTHRITIS
- inflammation of the joints.
ATRESIA ANI
- no anal opening.
B
BARROW
- uncastrated boar
BOAR
- a male pig
BODY CONSTITUTION
- ability of the animal?s body to resist diseases.
BRISKET
- meat from an animal's chest.
BOOSTER SHOT
- a dose given after an initial dose of vaccine to enhance its effect for the production of antibodies.
C
CASTRATION
- removal of the testicles; normally done at 5-7 days after birth
CHIMNEY EFFECT
- the process wherein the hot air tends to go up and escapes through the chimney of the roof while fresh air from the sides comes in.
COLORIMETER
- an instrument use to measure the densityor concentration of semen.
COLOSTRUM
- the first milk produced during the first 2-3 days after farrowing; contains antibodies
CONGENITAL
- a condition or disease that is present at birth.
CORPUS LUTEUM
- a yellow endocrine body formed in the ovary after ovulation.
CORRUGATED
- in the shape of waves or folds in order to give something strength.
CRYPTORCHIDISM
- most frequently encountered genital defect of male piglets whereby the testes fail to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum.
CYSTIC OVARY
- an ovary which contains an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or semi-solid material, with membranous lining.
D
DILUENTS/EXTENDERS
- it is use to prolong or maintain semen storage life at a temperature of 16-17 o C
DRAFT
- a current of cold air flowing through a building.
DRY PERIOD
- the time interval from weaning to service
DUMMY SOW
- otherwise called "artificial sow" made out of metal ,plastic or wood.
DUNGING AREA
- an area in the pen for defecation
DYSPNEA
- difficulty in breathing
DYSTOCIA
- difficulty in farrowing
E
EDEMA
- swelling of a part or all of the body due to accumulation of fluid
ELEVATED FEED TROUGH
- a feed trough constructed with a clearance from the ground/ concrete to the base of the feed trough.
EMACIATION
- a condition of being extremely thin due to lack of food or illness.
EMBRYONIC DEATH
- death of the fetus from Day 1 to Day 35 of pregnancy
EMBRYONIC PERIOD
- the period before the 35th day after service when embryos attach to the walls of the uterus
ENZOOTIC/ ENDEMIC
- denoting a disease of animals which is indigenous to a certain locality
END WEIGHT
- the final/market weight
ESTROGEN
- a hormone which is responsible for the manifestation of heat or estrus
ESTRUS CYCLE
- the period intervening between two successive heat periods in the absence of pregnancy
ESTRUS PERIOD
- the time during which the sow will accept the boar; also known as the heat period
F
F1
- first filial generation; first offspring resulting from a cross.
FATTENING DAYS
- the number of days a pig stays on a farm for fattening; the duration of fattening of pigs
FECES
- manure, dung, waste.
FECUNDITY
- otherwise known as prolificacy
FCR
- feed conversion ratio; the amount of feed needed to produce 1 kg gain in weight
FEEDING LYING BOX
- a place where dry and pregnant sows are placed
FEED TROUGH
- device/equipment for which the stocks are eating. It is either elevated or ground.
FERTILIZATION
- the process wherein the sperm cell penetrates the ovum
FETAL PERIOD
- the period starting at day 35th of pregnancy, wherein the bones undergo calcification and development of organ systems.
FINISHER
- a fattener which weighs 60 kg and above
FINISHER FEED
- a kind of feed given to fattening pigs (60 kg LW and above) with 14% crude protein and 3200 digestible energy
FLUSHING
- the practice of feeding females more generously 2-3 weeks before breeding. The beneficial effects attributed to this practice are (1) more eggs (ova) are shed, and this results in more offspring; (2) the females come in heat more promptly; and (3) conception is more certain.
FOLLICLESTIMULATING HORMONE
- a hormone which directly affects the ovaries where several globes develop inoto vesicles or graafian follicles
G
GENOTYPE
- an animal?s true (genetic) make-up
GILT
- a female pig that has not produced pigs and which has not reached an evident stage of pregnancy
GILT POOL
- group of young females selected as potential brood sows
GONADOTROPHINRELEASING HORMONE
- the hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce the follicle - stimulating hormone
GROWER
- a fattener which weighs up to 60 kgs.
GROWER FEED
- a kind of feed given to fattening pigs (30 to 60 kgs LW) containing at least 16% crude protein and 3200 digestible energy
H
HARDINESS
- ability to bear difficult or severe conditions.
HEAT DETECTION
- the method by which the pig raiser determines whether a a sow will accept service by the boar
HERITABILITY
- characteristics of parent stocks which can be passed on to the offsprings
HERNIA
- a heritable trait wherein there is a protrusion of an organ or tissue out of a body cavity in which it normally lies
HORMONE
- a substance produced by the cells of the body and passed in the bloodstream to influence other cells elsewhere in the body
HYBRID
- the animals which possess hybrid vigor or heterosis resulting from the crossing of different breeds. Normally, these animals perform better than their parents.
HYBRID VIGOR OR HETEROSIS
- the superiority exhibited by the crossbred animals over the average of the parental breeds.
I
IMMUNITY
- specific resistance of an animal against a specific disease- c ausing organism
INFERTILITY
- relative sterility; diminished or absent fertility; does not imply the existence of a positive or irreversible condition as sterility. In the female, it indicates adequate anatomical structures and equivocal function, with the possibility of pregnancy that may or may not proceed to term.
L
LACTATION
- production of milk
LEPTOSPIROSIS
- an infectious disease which begins with a fever and may affect the liver (causing jaundice) or meninges (resulting in meningitis).
LIBIDO
- conscious or unconscious sexual desire
LITTER INDEX OR FARROWING INDEX/ LITTERS/SOW/YEAR
- the average number of times a sow farrows in a year.
LITTER NUMBER OR PARITY NUMBER
- nth time of farrowing of a sow
LITTER SIZE OR NO. OF PIGLETS BORN
- the total number of piglets born in 1 farrowing. This consists of piglets born alive and piglets born dead (stillborn)
LIVEWEIGHT
- the weight of a live pig
LOST DAYS
- the period wherein the sow is neither pregnant nor lactating nor in the normal weaning to service period
LUTEINIZING HORMONE
- a hormone which causes the ovum within the follicular wall to Emerge
LYING AREA
- where pigs sleep/rest
M
MACERATION
- the softening of tissues after death by sterile
MARKET WEIGHT
- final weight of a pig ready for slaughter
MECONIUM
- the first feces of a newborn which are sticky and brown
METRITIS
- inflammation of the uterus
MUMMIFIED FETUS
- a shriveled or dried fetus that has remained in the uterus instead of being expelled or aborted after dying
N
NECROPSY
- an examination of a dead animal to determine the apparent cause of death
O
OCCUPANCY
- the number of days an animal stay in a pen
ORCHITIS
- inflammation of the testicles
ORIENTATION
- position of building
OSTEOMALACIA
- softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, e ither from a poor diet or lack of sunshine or both.
OSTEOPOROSIS
- loss of bony tissue, resulting in bones that are brittle and liable to fracture.
OVULATION
- the process of releasing the ova from each ripe follicle inside the ovary.
OXYTOCIN
- a hormone which is mainly responsible for uterine contraction and milk let-down
P
PALLOR
- unhealthy paleness of the skin or face.
PANDEMIC
- a widespread epidemic ( a disease attacking majority of animals in a herd)
PARTURITION
- farrowing. Expulsion of the fetus
PASTERN
- the narrow upper part, just above the hoof
PATHOGENIC
- disease causing
PATHOGNOMONIC
- characteristic or indicative of a disease; denoting especially one or more typical symptoms
PHENOTYPE
-the observable characteristics of an animal that can be seen
PIGLETS BORN ALIVE PER LITTER
- the average number of live born piglets in 1 farrowing
PLACENTA
- afterbirth; it provide nutrients and blood supply from the dam by way of the navel cord which is attached to it the sow
PNEUMONIA
- inflammation of the lungs
PORCINE
- pertaining to the pig
PREGNANCY
- the period from fertilization to farrowing time; also known as gestation. In pigs, it ranges from 110-120 days or average of 114 days.
PRODUCTIVE CYCLE
-one whole cycle say, weaning to weaning; service to service
PRODUCTIVE LIFE OR PRODUCTIVE PERIOD
- the period from first service till last date of weaning
PROGESTERONE
- a hormone which stimulates the uterine glands of the uterus to produce nutrients to maintain the released ova; also signals the anterior pituitary gland to stop secretions of the follicle-stimulating hormone and the luteinizing hormone
PROGENY
- offspring
PROLACTIN
- a hormone which blocks the release of the follicle-stimulating hormone ; release of milk
PROSTAGLANDIN
- a hormone which causes the disintegration of the corpus luteum
PSEUDOPREGNANCY
- false pregnancy.
PUBERTY
- the age at which the reproductive organs become functionally operative ; otherwise known as sexual maturity
PYOGENIC
- pus-forming; related to the formation of a fluid product of inflammation, consisting of a liquid containing white blood cells and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquefied by enzymes produced by the white blood cells
Q
QUARANTINE
- placing all animals that have been bought in isolation for a certain period of time compulsory segregation of exposed susceptible animals for a period of time equal to the longest usual incubation period of the disease to which they have been exposedan enforced regulation for the exclusion or isolation of an animal to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.
R
RATION
- daily feed allowance usually expressed in kilograms
REARED PIGLETS
PER LITTER
- the average number of live piglets in 1 litter which were raised after weaning
REARED PIGLETS PER SOW PER YEAR
- the average number of piglets raised from 1 sow in 1 year
RESTRICTED
- limited; 80 % satisfaction
% RETAINED
- number of animals left intended for fattening purposes protein and 3250 digestible energy
ROUGHAGE
- feed consisting of bulky and course plant parts, containing a high-fiber content and low digestible nutrients, arbitrarily defined as feed over 18% crude fiber. Roughage may be classed as either dry or green.
S
SEMEN
- grey to milky white fluid from the male accessory glands which contain sperm cells.
SILENT HEAT
- the occurrence of estrus in gilts/sows without showing any outward signs
SMEDI
- stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility
SNOUT
- long nose of the pigs
SOW
- a female swine that shows evidence of having produced pigs or which is in an evident stage of pregnancy
SPERMATO-GENESIS
- the process in which sperm cells are formed in the testicles
SPERMATOZOA
- the male gametes or sex cells, composed of a head and a tail, contains genetic information to be transmitted by the male; also known as sperm cells
SPERMIOGENESIS
- the process of sperm cell maturation
STILLBORN
- born lifeless, dead at birth
STRAINS
a group of organisms having special properties distinguishing them from the other members of the same species.
SUB-CLINICAL
describing a disease that is suspected but is not sufficiently developed to produce definite signs and symptoms in the animal.
V
VACCINATION
- an injection of vaccine, bacterin, antiserum, or antitoxin to to produce immunity or tolerance to disease
VACCINE
- a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (bacteria, viruses or rickettsiae) administered for the prevention, improvement or treatment of infectious diseases
VASECTOMIZED BOAR
- a boar that has undergone vasectomy which is the excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed to produce sterility
VESICLE
- a blister; a small, circumscribed elevation of the skin containing serum
VIREMIA
- presence of a virus in the bloodstream
VULVA
- the external genitalia of the female
W
WEANER
- a pig that has been separated from its mother at weaning time. Normally, piglets are weaned at 30-35 days depending on their condition
WEANED PIGLETS PER LITTER
- the average number of live piglets in 1 litter which were separated from the sow at weaning time. Included here are the fostered piglets.
WEANED PIGLETS/SOW/ YEAR
- the average number of piglets weaned from 1 sow in 1 year
Z
ZOONOTIC
- infectious or transmissible to human beings
