Pinoyagribusiness

Acetone Poisoning
6240



Etiology
Acetone is occasionally used as an emulsifier in the preparation of insecticides. Also, it is sometimes used as a solvent for cleaning up following the use of adhesives for flooring, etc. It is commonly known as a primary ingredient in nail polish remover. Acetone toxicity is not to be confused with the metabolic disorder known as acetonemia (ketosis) which typically occurs after a recent delivery or other serious illnesses, but where the urine and/or breath may have an odor resembling that of nail polish remover.

Symptoms

GI irritation, narcosis, kidney and liver damage.

Treatment

Gastric lavage, low fat diet, oxygen. Other symptoms should be treated as need be.

Prevention

Always be careful of insecticides and put all toxic substances in a safe storage area where animals cannot get to them.

CONSULTANT ©   Cornell's Diagnostic program

Algal Poisoning
6251


Etiology
Despite the latest human health food fad of eating blue-green algae, it is highly fatal if ingested by farm animals. It is usually a problem in warm, sunny weather. Simply killing the algae does not eliminate the toxin.

Symptoms

Signs begin to appear 15 to 45 minutes after ingestion and death can occur one to 24 hours later. Symptoms include: icterus (jaundice), abdominal pain, kick at belly, convulsions, cyanosis (blue skin and lips), drooling, excess watery salivation, dyspnea (shortness of breath), bloody feces, gets up and down, muscle contractions, photosensitization, prostration, sudden death, tremors.

Treatment

Activated charcoal and mineral oil. Animals may be very weak; handle with extreme care. Keep victims out of sunlight. Remove animals from infected water. May need glucose and/or calcium. Best to contact your veterinarian. If animal dies, do not use for food.

Prevention

Keep algae out of water sources, tubs, etc. and keep animals out of water that has algae in it, even though it looks fairly harmless.

Comments

Ducks are also very sensitive to blue-green algae. P>

ANTU Poisoning
6261


Etiology
From ingestion of a-Naphthylthiourea, a rodenticide.

Symptoms

Fortunately, ruminants (which includes goats) are resistant. Can be a problem in dogs and other animals.

Treatment

Any poisoned animal should have the help of a licensed veterinarian. Most vet manuals contain treatment protocols but the medicines suggested are best used by a professional.

Prevention

This product is rarely used any more. All poisoned bait products should be used with extreme care and avoided if at all possible. The newer mice traps are quite effective against the smaller mice that are a frequent problem around barns and feed storage areas. If you have a serious problem with rats, it may be best to seek professional help.

Comments

Rodenticides are also a serious problem for your cats. P>

Arsenic Poisoning
6271


Etiology
Rodenticides and insecticides containing arsenic are rarely used now. There is a difference between these inorganic preparations and organic feed additives which are intended to increase productivity and as a treatment for dysentery in pigs.

Symptoms


Inorganic: Watery, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, abdominal pain, rapid onset.
Organic: Incoordination, paralysis, occasional blindness, alert with good appetite.

Treatment

Dimercaprol and electrolyte. Not a job for the average goat raiser! If accidently given pig feed with arsenic additive, stop feeding that right away.

Prevention

All poisoned bait products should be used with extreme care and avoided if at all possible. The newer mice traps are quite effective against the smaller mice that are a frequent problem around barns and feed storage areas. If you have a serious problem with rats, it may be best to seek professional help.

Do not feed pig feed to any other farm animal.

Comments

One would need a very good reason (and I can’t think of any) to use any product containing arsenic. P>

Blister Beetle Poison
6275


Etiology
From ingestion of cantharidin which is found in blister beetles which may be in alfalfa.

Symptoms

Colic, salivation, shock, ulcers in mouth and GI mucosa.

Treatment

Mineral oil. Specific lab tests are required to confirm diagnosis, so it is best to consult your vet who may prescribe fluid therapy and analgesics.

Prevention

Observation of hay and other feed sources is always important.

Comments

Mostly in central and SW United States. P>

Bracken Fern Poisoning
6026

12/30/01


Etiology
Bracken fern is rather common in some areas. It can be consumed directly by animals or accidently baled into hay. Signs of toxicity may take some time to develop. It is more commonly documented in cattle and sheep.

Symptoms

Hemorrhages resembling anthrax in cattle, "bright blindness" in sheep that can be confused with pregnancy toxemia, pinkeye or cataracts. There can be weakness, fever. Symptoms in goats have not been described. (Additional symptoms in sheep include: unsteady gait, loss of appetite, constipation, nervousness, congestion of the eyes, followed by spreading apart of the legs, extreme nervousness and loss of muscular control; the head may be held forward and up; the pupils don’t respond to light.)

Treatment

Antibiotics and blood transfusions. Successful cure is rare.

Prevention

Usually animals will only consume ferns when other feed is not available. Symptoms or death don’t usually appear for 2 or 3 weeks after consumption, so it is often hard to make the connection. Bracken fern plants should be eliminated or avoided. When cutting hay, watch for the plants, especially around the edges of established fields.

Comments

Nearly all the studies on the effects of bracken fern consumption have been on sheep and cattle. Anyone knowing of the effects on goats can contact me by e-mail below.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
6286


Etiology
A class of insecticides commonly used in agriculture, although its use is generally diminishing. Lindane is a common ingredient in screwworm medications and Methoxychlor is in many fly preparations (cattle dusts). Chlordane is no longer approved in most situations and is highly toxic.

Symptoms

Alertness, twitching (from front to back), head may hang, chewing, belligerent, excess salivation, trembling, convulsions, death.

Treatment

If ingested: gastric lavage. If on skin: thorough bathing. Replenish fluids. A visit to the vet would be highly recommended.

Prevention

We have used cow/calf fly dusts on goats with no apparent problems, but I can find no references to studies of toxicity in goats; thus, fly powders should be used with extreme caution. Generally, flies are not a problem in goats. During severe fly season when the danger of maggot or other larvae infestation is a genuine risk and there has been a serious injury or surgical procedure, we have guardedly used lindane preparations as a preventative measure. Only small amounts in very restricted areas should be used. As soon as the wound is healed, the area can be cleansed thoroughly. Maggots can make a disgusting mess of a wound in very little time and are much harder to get rid of than to prevent.

Coal tar poison
6291


Etiology
This is from ingestion of coal tar products: cresol, creosote, pitch as found in tar paper, treated wood, disinfectants, etc.

Symptoms

Death may be the first symptom. Otherwise, signs may be those typical of chronic liver disease: icterus (yellowing of skin and whites of eyes), ascites (abdominal swelling), anemia.

Treatment

None.

Prevention

Don’t let animals consume treated wood. Be careful about what happens to scraps of tar paper left over from building projects. Old buildings should be removed if they are in a state of collapse or severe disrepair where animals have access to tar paper from walls or roofs. Clay pigeons (which may contain tar) should always be removed.

Comments

An alertness to whatever animals can chew on is absolutely essential.

Common crowfoot poisoning
6292


Etiology
A poisonous plant of the buttercup family.

Symptoms

Gastric enteritis, diarrhea, black foul-smelling feces, nervous, difficult respiration, slow chewing of cud, jerky movements of lips and ears, convulsions and death follow in a few hours.

Treatment

Unknown

Prevention

Eliminate plant.

Copper Poisoning
6126


Etiology
Much more common in sheep. Dietary level in goats needs to be higher, similar to cattle. Can be poisoned by ingesting foot rot treatments which contain copper.

Symptoms

Dullness, abdominal pain, salivation, bluish-green feces, anorexia, dehydration, shock, fainting, jaundice, hemoglobinuria. By the time that symptoms develop, it may be too late to begin treatment.

Treatment

See your vet right away if you suspect copper poisoning. Special drugs are necessary for treatment.

Prevention

Goats can safely be given cattle trace mineral blocks which contain a moderate amount of copper. If fed sheep salt, goats may become deficient. Generally, the only danger of copper poisoning in goats is from incorrectly mixed special feeds or incorrectly used drugs which contain copper products.

Comments

If there is a feeling that an animal has died from copper poisoning (or deficiency), the liver can be tested by a lab if taken to or removed by your vet.

Herbicide poisoning
6451
Note:  About half the people who are starting out with goats have obtained them for the purpose of "clearing brush." There may be some irony then in have a page on herbicide use. Generally, we see little need for killing plants when you have goats around, but here is some basic information that you may find useful. There are new herbicides coming to market almost daily it seems; most of these are much safer than the old ones. We encourage you to read the labels very carefully for these will usually contain information regarding toxicity and warnings about use around animals. Because of liability issues, we are reluctant to recommend for or against any specific brand names. These matters are addressed in some of the articles to which you can find links below. Read them carefully.
Symptoms:

The following is a rather exhaustive list of the symptoms that CAN occur as the result of herbicide poisoning. It would not be expected that they would occur all at once. The most common ones are in BOLD type.


Diarrhea
Acidosis
Fever
Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Rapid respiration
Tachycardia (rapid pulse)

Corneal opacity, cataracts

Salivation
Irritation of oral mucosa

Skin irritation
Yellowing of skin around mouth
Yellowing of hair around nose and feet

Loss of weight
Loss of appetite
Depression
Rapid prostration

Muscle weakness, especially in hind quarters
Muscle tremors
Nervousness, restlessness, tenseness
Clonic convulsions and death
Coma, sudden death with rapid rigor mortis


Other diseases to consider:

Difficulty rating:   [bold type applies]

DEFINITELY a matter for your veterinarian
Do these things until you can reach the vet
You may be able to handle it youself; for the moderately experienced
Fairly simple; give it a try!

Treatment options:

Treatment measures are specific to each chemical used. At proper application levels of the newer herbicides (glyphosate, 2,4-D) most vegetation will not contain enough residue to be harmful to livestock. If contact with the skin is a concern or if skin irritation should occur, the animal should be bathed. Activated charcoal preparations can be administered orally. If the symptoms appear as the result of some of the older and more dangerous herbicides such as arsenicals, carbamates, dinitro and dipyridyl compounds, chlorates, immediate help from your veterinarian would be recommended.

Corn toxicosis
6301


Etiology
Results from eating moldy corn. Symptoms occur 8 - 12 hours after ingesting.

Symptoms

Respiratory complaints that don’t respond to antibiotics, icterus, weakness, anorexia, unthriftiness. Kidney and liver damage.

Treatment

None. But some live through it.

Prevention

Always watch carefully for moldy feed and throw it out, without exception.

Comments

See Aflatoxicosis and other molds and fungi.

Iodine Poisoning
6176


Etiology
Usually the result of overdosing an iodine preparation (e.g. sodium iodide). Possibly from licking tincture of iodine from wound treatment.

Symptoms

Lacrimation (flow of tears), runny nose, loss of appetite, skin problems, drooling, excess watery salivation.

Treatment

Reduce dose of drugs containing iodine.

Prevention

Be careful in using iodine in any form, especially with young animals. Whenever you have runny eyes with no other known cause, suspect iodine poisoning.

Comments

The problem is usually quickly solved with removing of the source. P>

Kale Poisoning
6051


Etiology
Kale is a commonly grown garden vegetable. However it can be poisonous if consumed by ruminants.

Symptoms

There will be a rapid loss of condition and anemia. Other symptoms include hemoglobinuria (blood in urine), temperature to 105°F, jaundice. The blood may be thin and watery.

Treatment

Injections of Vitamin B-12 and iron are recommended. (I would suggest consulting with a vet before giving iron injections.)

Prevention

Simply, never give kale to ruminants. They can consume limited amounts of if without any trouble; but why take the chance?

Comments

Iron injections can have disastrous results. It would be best to discuss this issue with your vet.

Lead Poisoning
6151


Etiology
Sources of lead poisoning include paint (the obvious and most common cause, especially in baby goats), old batteries, used motor oil, grease, shot.

Symptoms

Lead poisoning is an extremely critical situation. The animal will appear to be dramatically ill 2 or 3 days following ingestion with extreme nervousness, possible blindness, snapping of eyelids, odd convulsive movements of limbs, tremors, pushing against objects, grinding of teeth, rapid respiration. There may be constipation or diarrhea.

Treatment

Get help from your vet at once. If not available, can try: gastric lavage, Epsom salts drench, IV calcium (as in milk fever treatment). Unfortunately, treatment is rarely of any value.

Prevention

The usual situation is where baby goats are put in a temporary pen made of old boards that are covered with lead-based paint. It doesn’t take much chewing on the boards to have some very dead kids. Basically, don’t allow any animals near any painted surface unless you know for sure that the paint does not contain lead (which is no longer used to make paint).

Comments

Lead poisoning is a terrible way to die. Always be alert to any painted surfaces and any of the other sources mentioned above. If bringing in animals for the first time, go over your place carefully. If you are uncertain about the ingredients in any painted materials, remove and replace them right away. P>

Lupine poisoning
6001
Etiology
Seeds are the part of the plant that are the greatest problem.

Symptoms

The first symptoms will occur about one hour after consumption. Breathing will be heavy and labored. The animal will become depressed, then comatose with snoring. Cattle that eat lupines while pregnant frequently deliver calves with skeletal defects; the effect on pregnant goats may not be as well documented.

Treatment

Correction of acid base disturbance (pH).

Prevention

All lupines should be eliminated from pastures. If it is unreasonable to do so, make sure that pregnant animals are removed from pastures containing lupines, especially during the first tri-mester.

Comments

Lupine poisoning is a separate entity from lupinosis, a disease caused by fungus organisms which grow on lupine plants and produce toxic substances..

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning
6681

12/30/01P>

Etiology
From ingestion of nitrate fertilizers or rapidly growing pasture grasses and some weeds. Nitrates and nitrites are converted to dangerous ammonia in rumen.

Symptoms

Rapidly worsening shortness of breath, weak rapid pulse, nervousness, weakness, incoordination, cyanosis, convulsions and death. May abort. Chocolate brown blood.

Treatment

Contact vet for special medicines.

Prevention

Keep animals away from fertilizers. Watch ryegrass pastures and other special crops.

Comments

Sodium nitrite additives in cat food can cause seizures. Nitrites added to human food can cause severe problems in some people.

Organophosphate poisoning
6701


Etiology
Any of the following insecticides: Malathion, Ronnel, Coumaphos, Diazinon, Trichlofon, Ciodrin, Dichlorvos, Ruelene.

Symptoms

Salivation, frequent urination, diarrhea, colic, shortness of breath, nervousness, incoordination, apprehension, abdominal pain, seizures.

Treatment

Keep animal calm and get to vet right away.

Prevention

Always carefully follow label instructions when using this type of insecticide.

Comments

We have used malathion, according to label instructions, for treatment and prevention of lice in our goat herd. Some of the other products listed above probably should not be used on goats. Residue can appear in the milk. Use of nearly all insecticides is NOT recommended in young animals. Be very reluctant to use certain "pour-on" on goats.

Poisonous Plants
6001

12/30/01

This is a list of symptoms which can indicate plant poisoning. It would be impossible to enumerate the specific symptoms for each of the plants listed below. Whenever any of these symptoms is observed, one should at least consider plant poisoning as a possible cause. [Scroll down for a list of poisonous plants.]


Abortion and congenital malformation
Anorexia
Blind babies
Blisters or scabs on white areas
Bloat
Blue mucosa
Breathing, shallow
Chews on anything
Collapse
Coma
Constant movement of jaws and lips
Convulsions
Coughing
Depressed sexual activity
Depression
Diarrhea
Excessive salivation
Excessive tears
Eyes cloudy and watery
Green froth at mouth
Heartbeat, irregular
Incoordination
Itching of white areas
Jaundice
Lacrimation
Muscular tremors
Nasal discharge
Nervous
Paralysis
Photosensitization
Prostration, unable to stand
Pulse rapid and weak
Pupils dilated
Rapid emaciation
Respiration, rapid or labored
Restless
Sloughing of non-pigmented skin
Sore mouth
Spasms
Staggering
Stilted gait when exercised
Stumbling
Swelling of head, face, ears
Thirst
Tumbling
Twitching
Twitching neck muscles
Vomiting
Weak babies
Weakness
Yellow nasal discharge

List of poisonous (or toxic) plants:

Air plant
Airplane plant
Angelwings
Arrowgrass
Azalea
Bitterweed
Black laurel
Caladium
Choke cherry
Cocklebur
Colorado rubberweed
Copper weed
Cress
Cyclamen
Daffodils
Death camas
Delphinium Ferns
Fitweed
Foxglove
Foxtail (injuries)
Goldenrod
Greasewood
Groundsel
Halogeton
Heavenly bamboo
Henbane
Holly
Horse tail
Horsebrush
Hyacinths
Jack in the pulpit
Jerusalem cherry
Jimson weed
Johnson grass
Kalanchoe
Larkspur
Locoweed
Lupine
Milkvetch
Milkweed (Asclepias spp)
Mistletoe
Mountain laurel
Nandina
Nightshade
Oaks
Oleander
Paper flower
Peaches
Philodendron
Poinsettia
Poison hemlock
Poison vetch
Pokeweed
Prunus ssp (Cherry, peach)
Puncture vine
Ragwort
Red maple
Rhododendron
Rhubarb (leaves)
Sacahuiste
Seassum
Senecio
Shooting star
Skunk cabbage
Snake plant
Sneezeweed
Sorghum
Spider plant
Spotted hemlock
Spring parsley
St. Johnswort
Sudan
Sweet clover
Swellhead
Tall fescue
Tarweed
Veratum
Water hemlock
Western yellow pine
White snakeroot
Wild cherries
Wild coffee
Yew

Salt Poisoning
6201

Etiology
Excess consumption of salt usually accompanies water deprivation and frequently follows salt deprivation.

Symptoms

Mild to acute gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, dehydration, nervous, respiration is rapid and shallow, urine frequent or large amount, ataxia (incoordination), blindness, weakness, sudden death, muscle contractions, prostration, pulse rapid, normal temperature, trembles, thirsty, unexplained deaths.

Treatment

Small amounts of water at frequent intervals (by stomach tube if necessary).

Prevention

Always have salt and water available to the animals. If you happen to notice that they haven’t had salt for some time, re-introduce salt gradually.

Selenium poisoning
6821

12/30/01


Etiology
While we generally hear of the need to supplement normal diets with selenium ("white muscle disease"), there is an equal danger from the ingestion of too much selenium. This can be from soils and plants in certain geographical. Some plants can also cause acute selenium poisoning in any circumstance. This complex problem cannot be addressed in detail here.

Symptoms

Acute poisoning can lead to death in a few hours. Labored respiration, frothing from nostrils, dilated pupils, loss of hair from tail, sloughing of hooves, elevated temperature, unsteady gait. Chronic "blind staggers" type: wander into objects, impaired vision, poor appetite, throat and tongue paralyzed, subnormal temperature, respiratory failure, death. Chronid "alkali dusease" type: problems with joints, liver, heart, anemia, enlarged abdomen, crackling and/or deformity of hooves, lameness, dull, loss of hair. A "garlicky" odor of the breath is usually present in any type of selenium toxicity.

Treatment

Consult vet for blood level evaluation and therapeutic measures.

Prevention

Because this problem is so much of a local issue, consultation with your local extension agent can be very helpful.

Comments

Use selenium enhanced salt only when advised by local vet or extension agent. Withdraw immediately if any of the above symptoms occur and re-evaluate situation.

Nonprotein nitrogen (urea) protein
6686


Etiology
It is a common assumption that goats should not be fed a diet which contains urea as a nitrogen source. Most concentrates labeled for goats are now formulated with "natural" protein. Rapid change to diets containing urea is particularly dangerous. The details of the toxic process are beyond the scope of this web page.

Symptoms

Tremors, protruding eyes, frothy salivation, frequent urination, shortness of breath, tremors, struggling, possible violent behavior.

Treatment

Ruminal infusion of acetic acid and ice water; rumen innoculants; fluids as required. Help from vet may be in order.

Prevention

Read feed labels carefully. Avoid any containing urea or ammonia compounds. Ask about any ingredients that are not easily understood.

Comments

For some time, urea was a common ingredient in concentrates intended for cattle. Therefore, goat raisers automatically shied away from all cattle feeds, which are generally quite a bit cheaper than goat formulations. But there is now a trend to use "natural" proteins in cattle feeds as well and considerable savings can be found in judicial use of cattle mixes, either blended with goat feed or used as is for bucks, non-producing does, yearlings, etc.

Miscellaneous poisons
6000

12/30/01


Here are some miscellaneous toxic substances not covered on individual pages
POISON SYMPTOMS TREATMENT
Antifreeze [6379] Act intoxicated, thirsty, rapid heart and breathing, then depression, coma and death. If mild: gastroenteritis and loss of appetite. May have hypothermia and abdominal pain. Immediate vet care
Carbamate insecticides (Sevin) [6475] Hypersalivation, GI problems (cramps, diarrhea), sweating, shortness of breath, cyanosis, tremors, convulsions, bronchial constriction. (Not usually a problem if applied properly - 2%) Atropine sulfate. Vet
Cottonseed [6310] Heart failure and death, dyspnea, froth-filled trachea, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, gastroenteritis, hemoglobinuria, reproductive problems Remove cottonseed feed products, eliminate stress
Cyanide [6336] Excitement, rapid respiration, dyspnea, rapid heart rate, salivation, lacrimation, voiding of urine and feces, stagger, muscle contractions, mucous membranes bright red, blood may not clot Avoid poisonous plants, may survive if get immediate vet help
Death camas [6376] Salivation, vomiting, staggering, prostration, coma, death See vet
Fluoride [6381] Abnormal hoof growth, lameness, bone spurs, skin dry with horny cracks, teeth mottled (red-brown) None; usually a chronic condition
Fusarium (moldy fescue) [6401] Loss of appetite and milk production, diarrhea, staggers (Not same as "fescue lameness") Eliminate moldy fescue
Gossypol [6411] From cottonseed. Heart failure, shortness of breath, weight loss, weakness, depression, gastroenterisits, reproductive problems Don't feed cottonseed products to young. See vet
Halogenated cyclic hydrocarbons (PCB, dioxin) [6416] Wasting; disorders of skin, reproduction, endocrine system; depression, carcinomas None
Henbane (Jimson) [6421] Unsteady gait, cramps, convulsions, unconsciousness, difficult breathing, rapid pulse None
Herbicide [6451] Sudden death with rapid rigor mortis, diarrhea, rapid pulse and breathing, yellow stain of skin and hair, weakness, drooling, shortness of breath, weakness, muscle contractions, tremors, convulsions 2-4 D is non-toxic if properly applied. Don't use chlorates, dinitros or arsenates.
Insect repellents [6473] Unknown Some, such as deet, may be toxic
Iron [6480] Can cause immediate death; affects heart Do not use injectable iron on goats unless upon advice from vet; give Vit E first
Isopropyl alcohol [6482] GI pain, dizziness, coma, death, dehydration, hard on kidneys and liver Emitics, gastric lavage. Call vet. Being used less now.
Johnson grass [6485] Contains prussic acid. Slobbering, shortness of breath, rapid respiration, rapid weak pulse, convulsions, rapid death Eliminate from feed
Larkspur [6501] Falling, straddling stance, rapid pulse and respiration, constipation, bloating Immediate vet
Lime sulfur (fungicide) [6521] Discomfort and/or blistering. Rarely a problem if applied properly Wash and apply ointments
Locoweed [6451] Abnormal behavior, unsteady gait if stressed, tremors; early to mid-term abortions, congenital defects, light birth weights, abdominal distention in late pregnancy (hydrops) None; limit access to 2 - 4 weeks
Mercury [6561] Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, severe kidney and GI damage, large OR small amounts of urine, head pressing, paralysis, arched back, stomatitis Immediately to vet
Metaldehyde [6570] Hypersensitivity, tremors, incoordination, convulsions, salivation shortness of breath, rapid pulse, fever Snail and slug bait; Immediately to vet
Methanol [6574] Vomit, pain, hyperexcitability, convulsions, arched back, head held back, fixed pupils Unknown
Milkweed [6581] Bloating, pulse rapid and weak, rapid respiration, spasms, staggering, weakness, weight loss, coma, death. Usually only ingest if drought or overgrazing. See vet
Molybdenum [6601] Profuse diarrhea with secondary copper deficiency; also lameness, abnormal gait, anemia, emaciation, joint pain, bone problems, fading of hair color, reproductive failures Correct pasture and feed ratios; make sure copper is in salt
Mycotic lupinosis (moldy lupine) [6621] Lazy, loss of appetite, constipation, rumen stasis, yellowing of skin, stupor, death Watch for "blood spot" fungi on pasture litter after rains. Usually fatal. Blue lupines mostly resisant
Mycotoxicosis [6641] Mold on any feed: especially fescue, corn, lupine, ryegrass, clover. Can be fatal. Anorexia, incoordination, loss of condition, retarded growth Remove feed source. NEVER use moldy feed
Nicotine sulfate [6476] Tremors, inco-ordination, disturbed respiration, coma, death Do NOT use around animals. Immediate vet.
Nightshade [6661] Looks like tomato plant; in late summer may be only thing green; apathy, drowsiness, salivation, shortness of breath, weakness, paralysis Unknown; remove all plants
Oak [6691] Anorexia, constipation, dry muzzle, black feces or diarrhea with blood and mucous, frequent urination, rapid pulse, emaciation, nasal discharge, thirst, increased urinary output, death Remove from oaks, treat symptoms
Paspalum staggers [6721] Fungus affects seed heads of grasses; trembling, incoordination, fall down, eventual paralysis Remove to unaffected feed
Penta [6731] Nervous, rapid pulse and respiration, weakness, muscle tremors, fever, convulsions Cool the animal, remove from source, fluids; contact vet
Petroleum products [6741] Aspiration pneumonia, anorexia, depression, wasting, rumen stops functioning, excited, drying and crackling of skin, shivering, tremors, incoordination, shortness of breath, death. Release boat, if present. Broad spectrum antibiotics. Wash skin if external.
Pine, Western yellow [6751] Abort if consumed in late pregnancy Remove from species which cause problems
Poison hemlock [6766] Loss of appetite, bloat, drooling, feeble pulse, paralysis, nervousness, convulsions, rapid death Stimulants; contact vet
Prunus spp (cherries, peaches, etc) [6781] Slobbering, rapid pulse and respiration, convulsions, shortness of breath, death Remove from source; be careful of "browse" provided
Pyrethroids [6476] Rarely toxic, may cause allergic reactions. Hypersalivation, diarrhea, hypothermia, tremors, shortness of breath, seizures. Contact vet
Red clover [6792] Extreme salivation ("slobbers"), diarrhea, occasional death. Recover when removed from source. Watch for ALL blackened legumes in hay
Senecio [6841] Chronic poisoning from ragwort, tarweed, etc. Loss of condition, constipation or diarrhea, swollen belly, yellow skin, awkward wandering, press against objects Rarely recover, see vet
Sorghum/sudan grass[6861] After lengthy grazing; posterior incoordination, urinary incontinance, evetual paralysis, fetal deformities Contact vet
St Johnswort [6871] Photosensitization of area of white skin, itching, blindness, convulsions, death Remove animals from area
Strychnine [6866] Seizures, apprehension, stiffness, pupils dilated, cyanotic, death Immediately remove stomach contents, keep calm, to vet.
Sweet clover [6921] Stiffness, lameness, hemotomas, GI bleeding, death from faulty blood coagulation Vet. Be real careful of clover hay
Vetch [6961] Weakness, trembling, incoordination, paralysis Use caution if feeding vetches
Warfarin [6801] Hemorrhage, anemia, melena, weakneess, incoordination, anorexia, digestive symptoms Vitamin K; prevention is easier


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