Pinoyagribusiness

LIVESTOCKS => CATTLE, CARABAO, GOAT & SHEEP => Topic started by: mikey on November 15, 2007, 08:47:11 AM



Title: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on November 15, 2007, 08:47:11 AM
In view of the cost of chemical dewormers and the preference of consumers for organically produced goats,most farmers resort to traditional ways of tackling worm problems.These include giving a drench of soy sauce or feeding animals with the leaves of Madre Cacao (gliricidia sepium),custard apple (anona squamosa).jackfruit (artocarpus heterophtlus) or the Manila tamarind (pithecellobium duice).Farmers may also feed their animals on the leaves and young seeds of ipil-ipil and the stems and leaves of the sow thistle (streblus asper).This drench is the common soysauce,made from a mixture of soybean extract,water iodized salt,natural caramel colour and 0.1% sodium benzoate.If farmers observe signs of parasitism in their animals,they may apply as a drench a bottle of about 350 ml. soy sauce per animal to cattle and buffaloes.Goats are given about half this amount.Sow thistle and jackfruit leaves are boiled first and the liquid applied as a drench once a day for at least one week.Young pods of ipil-ipil- are given ad libitum when they are available.

Good Luck
mikey independant producer region 7


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on November 15, 2007, 12:01:56 PM
I use nganga/bungang china/betel nut to some animal, the one that old people chew.

(http://i62.photobucket.com/albums/h116/rodeorodeo/betelnut.jpg)


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on November 15, 2007, 01:59:42 PM
In the Philippines,the wet season is a critical period for grazing animals.It is the time when livestock grazing in pastures experience problems of poor nutrition and gastrointestinal worms.Often,fields used as grazing land during the off season are planted in crops during the rainy season.Ruminants such as goats,cattle and buffaloes must then search for other areas where they can feed.Rainy days also bring worm problems,because the warm.moist enviroment encourages  the worm eggs to hatch into infective larvae.These larvae move onto the moist leaves of grasses and shrubs,which the rumminants feed on.If animals are allowed to feed,whether loose or tetered,just after rain or early in the morning when grasses are still moist with dew,they may eat leaves covered in infective larvae.These larvae then mature into full grown worms in the stomach of the animals,The worms decrease the production of meat and milk,and reduce the ability of the animals to resist infections.To alleviate these problems,farmers generally avoid grazing their animals on rainy days,or in the early hours of the morning when the sun has not yet dried the dew.Some raisers may confine their animals in pens during the whole rainy season.Others may give their animals a drench with a chemical dewormer,adopt a rotational pattern of grazing,or feed their animals leaves of trees and shrubs which are known to have antihelminthic properties.           Philippine Council for Agriculture

Independant Producer Philippine Region 7
mikey


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on November 16, 2007, 04:23:46 PM
One of the signs of a worm problem is diarrhea.

Sometimes but not always green diarrhea means a food change,a good rule to follow is change slowly.
Doc Nemo will be able to help us out more with this problem.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on November 16, 2007, 04:42:34 PM
According to farmers in the Philippines,all these methods help to reduce,if not control parasite loads in their animals,espicially goats.For one thing,leaves from shrubs and trees are often free from infective larae,since they grow too high and are too dry for the larvae survival.Moreover,leaves of the plants listed above are known to have anthelmintic properties.
Proud Independant
mikey


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on November 17, 2007, 10:50:12 AM
Mucoid type of stool could also indicate parasite problem.

BUt rather than always checking for worm problem it is better just to have regular deworming schedule.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 02, 2007, 01:09:01 AM
Coccidiosis:
Is a contagious disease of goats,espically young kids,throughout the world.This disease is caused by one or more of approx. 12 different species of protozoa called Eimeria,which parasitize and destroy cells lining the intestinal tract of goats.Sheep are also very susceptible to coccidiosis.Many believe this disease cannot be spread from goats to sheep or sheep to goats.The goat will lose weight,have a poor appetite,may become dehydrated,in the later stages the diarrhea is a sloppy greenish brown with loss of appetite,goats decline fast and may die.You need to give that goat(s) the appropriate drugs and supportive treatment.Treatment of sulfa compounds delivered as drenches or boluses,some may be added to drinking water.Injectable B-complex and vitamin A will help with appetite recovery.One should develope a management system for preventing outbreaks of coccidosis,kids are the most susceptible,they ingest coccidia from the outside of the dams udder while they nurse,they seem to like to eat dirt when thay are young.Weaning is a particularly crucial time for kids,Do not allow your goats to drink water with other livestock on your farm.Hits goat kids the hardest between 4-7 weeks of age.Seems to be more of a problem with established goat farms over new goat farms.Keep your operation as clean as possible to help prevent an outbreak.
By:Extension Goat Handbook United States


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 08, 2007, 10:12:52 AM
Parastic Gastroentertis:
commonly through direct infection with parasitic larval stages herbage,less common through skin penetration and intrauterine infection in some species.
Symptoms:
poor body condition,anemia,diarrhea.potbelly and weakness.
Prevention:
regular deworming with effective anthelmintics (tetramisule,parbendazole,thiabendazole,pyrantel) to name a few products.
Pasture rotation and improved feeding practices.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 09, 2007, 12:36:45 AM
Parasitic Pneumonia:
infection with the parasite in the larval stage through herbage.
Symptoms:
general signs-persistent husky coughing,respiratory distress.
Prevention:
regular deworming with tetramisole,albendazole or oxfendazole,general prevention as parasite gastroenteritis.
By: Special thanks to the Philippine Govt. for their continuing support of the goat industry.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 10, 2007, 02:07:17 AM
Tapeworm Infection:
through ingestion of plant mites that act as intermediate hosts.
Symptoms:
same as other internal parasitism.passage of tapeworm segment in the feces.
Prevention:
regular deworming with (albendazole,niclosanide.lead arsenate,oxfendazole).
By: Special thanks to the Philippine Govt. for their support of the goat industry.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 11, 2007, 09:35:01 AM
Liverfluke Disease:
there are 4 species of trematodes:
fascialo hepatica
fascialo gigantica
facioloides magna
dicocoelium dendriticum
Clincial Signs: Post Mortem Lesions;
affected animals isolate from the flock
decline their feeds
distended abdomen is painful upon manipulation
lose weight and become unthrifty,anaemic and edematous in the lips and intermandibular tissues.
ascites may form,the wool looses its flexibilty and tensile strength.

Clinical Forms:
acute form,tramatic invasion of liver paranchyma by immuture flukes.

Symptoms:
unthriftiness.loss of weight,anemia and sdema.

Prevention/Treatment:
contrpl of fluke infestions
prevent the animals from grazing on infected pastures
use flukicide,anthelmintics in treatment.
By: Special Thanks to the Philippine Govt. for this information.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: benedict on December 11, 2007, 09:36:58 AM
mr. mikey.. tuwing kelan po pwede mag dewrom? pano po malalaman kung kelan kailangan mag deworm? kelan po pwedeng umpisahan ang deworming? thanks and godd bless..


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 11, 2007, 10:28:04 AM
Benedict,all goat farms deworm their goats,goats get sick once the load becomes too heavy,the goats coat will be dull,the goat will be skinny and get diarrhea,could die on you,prevention is always the best management  system to follow,we deworm with oral medication every 3 months except the pregnant does.We use a oral medication because it leaves the goats system faster,injection stays in the system longer but can give the worms the upper hand.Goats are one of those animals that needs to be dewormed.We do not deworm the pregnant does because it is risky,we prefer to deworm our does before we breed them.
mikey


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on December 11, 2007, 09:03:57 PM
pano po malalaman kung kelan kailangan mag deworm? kelan po pwedeng umpisahan ang deworming? thanks and godd bless..

IN livestock it is more of preventive medicine. So deworming is done in regular interval whether it is positive or negative from parasite.

Just always remember that when deworming you need to give a another shot 2 weeks after the initial dose.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: benedict on December 13, 2007, 01:09:31 PM
ano pong mga shots ang pwedeng ibigay sa mga goat? saan po ako pwedeng makabili ng mga ito? totoo po b na ang toyo o soy sauce ay maaring gamitin to prevent ang worms ng goat?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on December 13, 2007, 01:22:11 PM
Usually vitamins , dewormers, usually available ito sa mga agristore.

Soy sauce as prevention?  Well the only way to prevent worm is thru management.

Although articles say it can use as dewormer pero marami na pong cheap dewormer na mabibili sa market so go with commercial dewormer nalang kahit paano kasi controled nila ang dosage nito.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 14, 2007, 09:47:55 AM
Deworming;
aside from pneumonia,parasites rank second in causing heavy mortality,tapeworms are the most debilitating worm problem in all ages of gaots.Protozoa like coccida and amoeba are also common problems espicially in young kids.Check goats regularly for specific worm load and deworm regularly depending on worm load and seasonal occurrences,always helpful to know what kind of internal parasite is affecting your herd before attempting to use a deworming product,it can be a waste of time.
By:Special Thanks To The Philippine Govt.    support the goat.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: benedict on December 18, 2007, 02:56:06 PM
sirs i hope you dont mind, can you send me some of your programs that you do on your goat? plz.. i will appreciate it.. sir pano po ba magdeworm? itinuturok po ba ito or ipinapainom? god bless..


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 25, 2007, 02:32:26 PM
Benedict,sorry but I cannot remember when I pm you about the information if I told you that we deworm our does 3-4 days after kidding,and start to deworm our kid(s) at 1 month of age.Look for a broad spectrum dewormer for the adults.Injection or oral is up to your management practices.
mikey region#7


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on December 30, 2007, 10:34:31 AM
Fenbendazole----------broad spectrum dewormer
Albendazole------------at a doseage of 10 milligrams per body weight


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: rain on April 12, 2008, 06:10:22 PM
Fenbendazole----------broad spectrum dewormer
Albendazole------------at a doseage of 10 milligrams per body weight
sir,how many times we should deworm the goat after weaning?is there any injectable procedure for this?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on April 12, 2008, 11:41:43 PM
Rain,On our farm,we start to deworm the baby goats at 1 month of age,30 day cycle,then every 3 months in the dry season, 30 day cycle,but during the rainy season we deworm every 60 days for a 30 day cycle,every other month.I have found the Fenbendazole is good for liver flukes,worms of the liver,Albendazole,broad spectrum,either by injection or in the drinking is the dewormer we use.There are different dewormers on the market.Maybe Doc. Nemo knows of some other brand names.Goats that are not dewormed on a regular bases are goats that will not perform well for their producer.
Region 7:
Support The Goat:


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on April 13, 2008, 02:01:28 PM
The most common dewormer in the market is ivermectin, levamisole, fenbedazole.

Personally, i go for ivermectin. Brand name ivomec.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: rain on April 13, 2008, 03:54:21 PM
Rain,On our farm,we start to deworm the baby goats at 1 month of age,30 day cycle,then every 3 months in the dry season, 30 day cycle,but during the rainy season we deworm every 60 days for a 30 day cycle,every other month.I have found the Fenbendazole is good for liver flukes,worms of the liver,Albendazole,broad spectrum,either by injection or in the drinking is the dewormer we use.There are different dewormers on the market.Maybe Doc. Nemo knows of some other brand names.Goats that are not dewormed on a regular bases are goats that will not perform well for their producer.
Region 7:
Support The Goat:
sir thank you....by the way sir how much it will cost for each goat to deworm..until they mature and sell it?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on April 14, 2008, 08:39:34 AM
Rain,our native goats we like to deworm 3 times per year,the upgrades and mixes,3-4 times per year,the imports every 3 months in the dry season,every other month in the wet season.To give a break down on the cost of every goat,would take alot of work going through the records.We look at the monthly cost.Some goats need more deworming,some less.Deworming is part of the goat business.Of coarse the less deworming one has to do,the better for the producer,lowers your production cost and saves time.
Region 7
Support The Goat:


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on April 19, 2008, 09:43:06 AM
Internal Parasite Chart
4002

12/30/01


Internal Parasites
Name Symptoms Treatment
Roundworms [4010] "Bottle jaw"¹, constipation OR diarrhea, rough hair coat, anemia², cough, weight loss, indigestion Tramisol® (Levamisole), Panacur® (Fenbendazole), Valbazen® (Albendazole)
Liver flukes (trematodes) [4351] Off feed; abdomen painful, swollen and sags; muscles shrink; anemia; milk drops; brisket skin yellow; diarrhea OR consitpation; "bottle jaw;" head droops; sudden death. Can lead to Black disease³. Valbazen®
Lungworms [4421] Rapid shallow breathing with "husky" cough, head held forward, drooling, protruding tongue, nasal discharge (sometimes), froth from mouth if severe Tramisol®, change pasture
Stomach flukes [4441] Anorexia, thirst, diarrhea can be severe, unthrifty appearance, eggs may be seen in feces, can lead to death  Control snails; Contact your vet
Parasites (larvae) in Central Nervous System (CNS) Weakness, incoordination, head to one side, circling, blindness, ear or eyelid droop, paralysis, loss of normal fear, sleepiness Killing them via normal means causes release of toxins which may be fatal.

1 "Bottle jaw" refers to a peculiar swelling under the jaw which frequently accompanies worm infestation. It is usually centrally located, which distinguishes it from most jaw swellings that are infectious in nature wherein the lump will tend toward one side. Also, it feels more watery to the touch.
2 When checking for anemia, the "paleness" that you are looking for is more reliably observed by rolling back the eyelids than looking at the gums. The "normal" color of gums and other oral tissues can vary greatly among individual animals.

3 Black disease: a very serious disease caused by Clostridium novyi resulting in sudden death. Easily vaccinated against by use of "7-way". Rare in goats.

Univ of Georgia   Lungworms


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on April 19, 2008, 09:47:24 AM
Worming
4003

12/30/01

Prevention


When to worm
We recommend that all goats be wormed at least twice a year. Three times per year is even better. There are some who feel that since the commercial worm preparations are not "organic", they cause significant harm to the animals and should be avoided if at all possible. We have not found this to be true, unless the animals is already debilitated by disease or deficiency. There are a few who seem to show mild digestive disturbance following worming; this is easily prevented by giving one of the probiotics (Probios Bovine One®) about 12 hours after the worming. A different wormer should be used in rotation so that resistance does not develop and so that organisms which don’t respond to one type do not have a chance to bloom. Some people perform regular fecal testing and worm only if eggs are found in the samples. This is probably ideal, but may be too expensive for most of us.

The schedule of wormings should be arranged so that one of them comes near delivery, which is the time of highest stress for productive does. Some parasites thrive during the summer months; one of the wormings can be timed the prevent that outbreak. It is good to check with your local extension office or vet to find the most up to date information on this.

Each worming should also be repeated 21 days later in order to kill those parasites which have hatched since the last worming, since most wormers, even the best, do not kill eggs. Therefore, if you plan wormings for three times per year you will actually be doing it six times.

What to use

There are as many preferences as there are goat raisers. Many folks use "herbals." These may or may not work; however, we have never used them and do not pretend to have the knowledge to even comment on their use.

Another problem is that it seems that just when we find something that works well for us it gets taken off the market for some reason or the other. Two of the best products have been TBZ® (thiabenzadole) and Levasole® (levamaisole hydrochloride, aka Tramisol®). TBZ is no longer available; Levasole wasn't available for a while, but seems to be back in production now, but is rather hard to find. One current source is Pipestone Veterinary Supply at www.pipevet.com

Valbazen® (albendazole) is a highly effective wormer and will also take care of adult liver flukes. Caution: it should never be used during the first two months of pregnancy. It can cause fetal death or skeletal malformation of the fetus.

Panacur® (fenbendazole) is a wormer frequently used on horses which has recently found use in goats. It also goes by the name Safeguard, I believe. Some report noticing worms after its use in goats; others recommend using a dose which is double that of the label recommendation for horses.

Ivermectin is used by many people on all sorts of farm animals. It is very effective against both internal and external parasites. It comes in injectible, paste and "pour on" form which makes it easy to use. It also comes in a formulation which is effective against liver flukes. However, it is excreted in the milk of lactating animals and one should be very careful of withdrawal times. We do not recommend the oral use of Ivermectin, any pour-on or any other preparation not labeled by the manufacurer for oral (internal) administration. You should discuss this topic with your vet. Since the elimination of some of the "old stand-by's", more and more goat raisers are now using Ivermectin.

It is a very good idea to rotate pastures whenever worm remedies are given, either for prevention or treatment so that the animals are not reinfested by the same organisms that you are treating for.


Treatment

For the treatment of internal parasites one should carefully consult the labels of all worm preparations. Frequently, a higher dose will be required for treatment than for prevention. Almost all will require a second treatment 21 days later. Some severe infestations will require several dosings to do the job. You should always get expert help from your vet if you find that you have given multiple treatments without a reduction in symptoms. As mentioned above, it is not a bad idea to follow treatment with an application of one of the probiotics to help restore rumen microbes.

Cornell Univ
CONSULTANT ©   Cornell's Diagnostic program




Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on April 19, 2008, 09:49:37 AM
"Bottle jaw"  "Bottle jaw" is a common symptom of internal parasite infestation. It is distinguishable from other swellings of the jaw in being centrally located, rather soft in texture, and higher than the goat equivalent of the "Adam’s apple." We have found that these swellings usually disappear after a good worming. We suggest that you wait a day or two after first noticing "bottle jaw" because the swelling sometimes mysteriously disappears on its own just as quickly as it appears. Here is a picture of a case of early-stage "Bottle jaw". The swelling can later become very large if not treated.The second picture is a little more advanced
 


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: doods on April 27, 2008, 03:02:12 PM
The most common dewormer in the market is ivermectin, levamisole, fenbedazole.

Personally, i go for ivermectin. Brand name ivomec.
hi doc,
       good day po sa inyo....tanung ko lang doc,may idea po ba kayo kng magkano ang mga dewormer brand na ito?and how much it will cost if im going to deworm my goats for 4 times a year.....thank you doc


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: doncorleone on April 28, 2008, 05:51:30 PM
The most common dewormer in the market is ivermectin, levamisole, fenbedazole.

Personally, i go for ivermectin. Brand name ivomec.
hi doc,
       good day po sa inyo....tanung ko lang doc,may idea po ba kayo kng magkano ang mga dewormer brand na ito?and how much it will cost if im going to deworm my goats for 4 times a year.....thank you doc

Here in our town it costs 1,600 pesos.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on April 28, 2008, 06:46:51 PM
Yun generic dewormer would cost 300-600 pesos, ivermectin .


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: rain on April 29, 2008, 05:52:49 PM
Yun generic dewormer would cost 300-600 pesos, ivermectin .
thank you doc...


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: doods on May 01, 2008, 06:26:37 PM
The most common dewormer in the market is ivermectin, levamisole, fenbedazole.

Personally, i go for ivermectin. Brand name ivomec.
hi doc,
       good day po sa inyo....tanung ko lang doc,may idea po ba kayo kng magkano ang mga dewormer brand na ito?and how much it will cost if im going to deworm my goats for 4 times a year.....thank you doc

Here in our town it costs 1,600 pesos.
hi sir...tanung ko lang po dinedeworm nyo po ba ang lahat ng kambing nyo?magkano po ang inaabot na expenses sa isang goat(deworming,vitamins,etc.)hanggang maibenta na?profitable pa rin po ba sya?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: NaturalBornKiller on June 09, 2008, 06:23:36 PM
Yun generic dewormer would cost 300-600 pesos, ivermectin .

hello sir.

what is the recommended dose for ivermectin? I gave my buck a 1 ml intramuscular shot s month aog... about 2 weeks ago I gave the does and the buck 2 tabs each of ivermectin tablets...

advisable din ba ang ivermectin sa mga kids?

thanks.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on June 09, 2008, 11:33:49 PM
1 ml is to 33 kg ang recommended dose.
it is relatively safe, so it is okay to use in kids.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on August 07, 2008, 12:21:32 PM
Tapeworms - the Effect on Kid Goats
Why I use Valbazen on Kids Especially 
The kids are born. Healthy, in good body condition and thriving.. a couple months later they seem to be stunted. Growth is poor, size is small, yet they have not shown signs of scouring from coccidiosis nor are they anemic. Appetite is good, activity seems normal, hair coat is a bit rough. The main thing you notice is a big belly and spindly legs - you deworm with Ivomec or Ivomec Plus and still nothing seems to change.

Enter the use of Valbazen (I use it at the rate of 1cc/10lbs goat weight) and this is an oral anthelmintic (dewormer) only.  Do NOT use on pregnant does or suspected pregnant does. Is very effective against most stomach worms, liver fluke and tapeworms as well as lungworm.

Tapeworm is a controversial subject when discussing adverse effects of this parasite to the health of the animal. Most articles will say they are generally non invasive but I will argue that , in particular with the growth of kid goats. The use of Valbazen is important  to rid the goat of these worms!




Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: doncorleone on February 17, 2009, 11:20:16 PM
1 ml is to 33 kg ang recommended dose.
it is relatively safe, so it is okay to use in kids.

Hello Doc ;D

Saan bang part dapat turukan ang isang kambing ng ivermectin?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on February 18, 2009, 12:11:30 AM
Ivermectin is being delivered by subcutaneous injection or just under the skin, and not in the muscle.

You could inject it in the thigh area/pigi using a 1/2 inch needle so the probability that it will be injected only  under the skin is high.

Another way is by injecting in the loose skin at the back of the animal. You will pick up the loose skin and inject inside it. But this is seldom done.

But to be honest most of the people i know inject it IM...but the proper way is through subcutaneous.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: doncorleone on February 19, 2009, 01:16:41 PM
Ivermectin is being delivered by subcutaneous injection or just under the skin, and not in the muscle.

You could inject it in the thigh area/pigi using a 1/2 inch needle so the probability that it will be injected only  under the skin is high.

Another way is by injecting in the loose skin at the back of the animal. You will pick up the loose skin and inject inside it. But this is seldom done.

But to be honest most of the people i know inject it IM...but the proper way is through subcutaneous.

dOC, what will happen if you accidentally injected the ivermectin in the muscle? pwede po ba ang needle ng tuberclin o ng 5ml syringe?


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: nemo on February 19, 2009, 07:42:22 PM
As long as hindi mababaliko yun tubercullin then it is fine.

Nothing detrimental naman will happen. Yun effectivity lang mas shorter compare if it is injected in the subcutaneous.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on March 15, 2009, 11:22:28 AM
Liver Flukes

The liver fluke, also known as liver rot or Fasciola hepatica, is a parasite of the liver that can affect sheep, goats and cattle. It is associated with wetter, warmer climates or muddy pastures. It commonly shows up in young ruminants exposed to pastures containing wet areas, and it's not unusual for kids affected with it to die so fast they hardly have time to be sick. Once liver fluke gets a foothold, especially in a young animal, it quickly does severe damage to the liver, especially true if there are any colostridial organisms present in the body, since they multiply and secrete their toxins fast in the already damaged and poorly oxygenated liver tissue. (Hetherington)

The most difficult problem with liver fluke treatment/control is that the veterinary community in general might not be aware that it's there. As a result, they're unable to recommend proper treatment for it. This is because the egg of the liver fluke looks so similar to that of the barberpole (stomach) worm that when it shows up on the slide in the vet's office, it's routinely misidentified to be that of the stomach worm. The vet, seeing what looks much like a stomach worm will routinely recommend Ivomec to the owner as the wormer of choice to eradicate it. Rightly so, because the moment it appeared on the scene back in the early 1980s, Ivomec was recognized as the most effective general wormer to show up, ever. It remains still the best and most effective general dewormer on the market today. However, when the liver fluke failed to respond to Ivomec treatment in documented situations, the loss of the animal in question was assumed to be "resistance" to the effectiveness of Ivomec. This notion has now become so pervasive that the veterinary community in general believes that the worms affecting livestock have developed a resistance to Ivomec; the result being a recommendation to their clients that they increase the doses or turn to other wormers. Another answer to the problem has not been to treat, but to cull. Additional dosage or other wormers have not begun to slow the deaths being caused by liver fluke. Since neither of those suggestions works successfully, the most recent approach has been to set up Famacha classes to instruct owners and veterinarians alike in how to check the eyelids of the downed animals to see if they're anemic. If the animals have pale eyelids, indicating they're anemic, owners are sometimes advised to destroy the victim, fearing if it lives, the "resistance to wormers" will spread further. (McCoy)

The problem could be solved with a good set of reference photos specifically oriented to goat internal parasites. The barberpole worm and the liver fluke are almost identical in appearance. But on close examination the liver fluke is shaped like a football with pointy ends, whereas the barberpole worm is shaped like a football with more rounded ends. (McCoy)

Sadly neither Ivomec nor Pancur nor any of the other general wormers on the market today are effective against liver fluke. The fact is that this parasite can only be eradicated efficiently by using a product call Ivomec Plus. It's not the Ivomec itself, but the plus part of the combined wormer, clorsulon, that effectively wipes out liver fluke. And since it only kills the adult of the species, clorsulon has to be used at regular doses, three times in a row, 10 days apart, to kill it off completely. For those who may have a liver fluke infestation, it is recommended that an initial whole-herd worming (at normal doses) be done on day one. When the adults and many of the left alive eggs have become larvae, approximately 10 days later, a second whole-herd worming should be done. Ten days after that second worming, a third whole-herd worming with Ivomec Plus should be done to wipe out the eggs that became larvae by the second worming and are now adults. Fecal tests at this point should show the egg population to be at an extremely low level.

Typical symptoms of a parasite or worm problem in the goat herd range from general unthriftiness, to rough coat, to a pot-bellied appearance, to anemia and weakness. The early symptoms of liver fluke problems can be deceiving because the animal may appear to be well fed and gaining in flesh at the beginning. This can change rapidly to the unobservant owner as the liver fluke sucks the life from its host, creating a dull coat, possible yellowish pus and tint to the eyes, nose and tongue, and even offensive breath. With a severe problem, diarrhea or constipation may appear, the hair may fall out, the muscles shrink and the stomach appears to sag. The head becomes droopy and loss of appetite and increased thirst become pronounced. (Leach)

A liver fluke invasion happens when goats are allowed to graze or browse wet, or poorly drained areas. In the case of my little Nubian, we have a rotational grazing system which includes a meandering creek, which in that particular year had overflowed its banks several times during a very wet and rainy spring. Perhaps it was during that late spring that my doe picked up the liver fluke, or its helpful host, the mud snail.

The mud snail (Limnaea truncatula) acts as a host for completion of the liver fluke's life cycle, so goats can be infested during times in which they graze a suitable habitat, such as low-lying areas prone to mud or creek overflow. (Hetherington)

The best way to avoid the liver fluke is to keep grazing or browsing goats away from muddy low-lying areas, though they love the trees and forage along the creeks. It is always important to seek veterinarian advice for treatment if a liver fluke problem is suspected. And it is imperative that every goat owner know what is normal behavior and what isn't for every goat in the herd. In my case, no other goats were affected by the liver fluke problem, and I'm not sure why that was. But the fact that my yearling Nubian acted differently than I expected her to is what likely saved her life in the long run.



Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: mikey on March 15, 2009, 12:49:53 PM
Parasite Control in Dairy Goats
Know the Enemy!

By Dr. Deb Mangelsdorf, D.V.M. 


Controlling parasites in goats requires a general knowledge of the types of parasites they are exposed to, how they are exposed, and how you the producer can best rid your animals of them. The goal is not necessarily to be parasite free, as they will stimulate some immune response to their presence, but rather to manage goats in a way that will keep them from being compromised by an excessive load. Parasites get their nutrition from their host, feeding on fluids and serum and blood from the goat and the groceries meant for the goat. They are internal and external, and they can be found in most animals.

How do you develop a strategy for controlling parasites in goats? You must know the enemy! Three general classes of parasites must be considered: internal intestinal worms, external parasites of the skin, and the protozoa parasites of the intestinal tract. Some have direct life cycles, meaning that eggs passed in the goat feces can infect another goat upon consumption. Others use an intermediate host for passage and development. They thrive under certain conditions and lurk in locations ready to infest your goats. Some are very resistant to environmental conditions. Some are very resistant to drugs. I recommend a program designed to avoid infestation and diminish their population.

The young kid is exposed to intestinal parasites as soon as it enters the environment that other goats have been living in. Manure from other goats will have eggs of nematodes or nematode larvae ready to enter the baby kid as it noses and nurses on its mother or nibbles and picks at the ground. One of the first parasites to infest the young baby will likely be coccidia. Most goats have some. Most adults have an immune system that recognizes coccidia and keeps it in check. It is important to understand that the dam, however, will shed more parasite eggs or ova near the time that she kids, in part due to hormonal changes that trigger an awakening from hypobiosis (like hibernation for parasites), and in part to stress. Thus, Mom is the first source for parasites for most kids.

Deworming the dam about four weeks before kidding helps to decrease the parasite load she will contribute to the environment.

Kids reared by hand will probably need to be fed a coccidiastatic drug to keep them from developing an overabundance of these intestinal protozoa. Deccox may be added to milk or feed to help. Albon or Corrid are other products.

As the kids approach their first month, deworming against nematodes should be considered. With most kids being born in the milder and wetter months, most kids will need to be dewormed monthly for the first three months.

As you build your herd strategy for control of parasites, consider how to hit 'em when it hurts the most! Using help from the weather, deworm when the weather hot and dry or when it is very cold. The residual load in the environment will be at its lowest at those times, and minimizes re-infestation. Parasites love the mild moist and balmy spring and early fall. Coccidia especially loves the spring with all the new kids in the population, and can survive for months in and around moist areas. Even just the little bit of moisture that seems to stay around a bucket or water tank will harbor them.

When moving to a clean pasture or pen, maximize control by deworming before the animals are moved. Fecal egg output will decreased. Clean old bedding out of pens and sheds before housing kids in them. Place water containers through a fence panel or elevated enough that feces cannot fall into them. Goats prefer to eat from elevated positions, not on the ground, so placement of feeders and hay mangers three feet above ground level also minimizes contamination.

During the winter months, and coming into spring we seem to see more ectoparasites. Lice are especially problematic in closely confined goats. There are biting and sucking lice, and they will cause as much stress and debilitation to an infested animal as a good load of worms. Some systematic dewormers of the Ivermectin and related drugs will take care of them while you are treating for the internal parasites. Pour on products will often be effective on the external parasites, but the absorption rate is not always appropriate for internal worms.

Involve your veterinarian in your program. Periodic fecal exams done by a veterinarian will help you to evaluate the effectiveness of your program. Because many of the drugs used for management of parasites are off-label for goats, consult with your veterinarian to establish a vet/client/patient relationship. Some recommended drug doses to consider may be found at these websites www.luresext.edu/goats/library/field/dawson02b.pdf, or www.rmncsba.org/SMALLRUMINANT.pdf.
 


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: Scott Enterprises on January 18, 2011, 05:45:18 PM
Hello all,we offer you an organic solution to your worm problem. It's Diatomaceous Earth, D.E for short. It is now available throughout all the Philippines.Here is one goat farmer's experience with D.E
  " I have been using DE for my goats for about 3 years now and have been doing composting with worms using my goat's manure even much longer. My experience is that the DE I have been feeding my goats and obviously excreted thru their manure which I feed to my worms has not in any way affected my worms. I have not dewormed my goats since and I can tell my goats are, from all indications, worm free as they all look very healthy even during rainy season when goats usually look unthrifty. Even diarrhea is now a thing of the past in my goat herd. Two weeks ago I had a goat addition that looked like it had external parasites(mange) which I asked my caretaker to rub some DE all over it's coat. Just today when I inspected the goat again I was amazed to see how it started showing shiny haircoat and what seemed to be a thicker haircover. I have also started adding DE to my chicken feeds and the chickens love it. Yes, i have also seen how DE drove away the ants around the house. Cockroaches, too."
  This is only a small example of what D.E can do for you and your goats. The Feed Grade D.E also contains 14 trace minerals,some of which are vital for goats health like copper,zinc and selenium.
  DTM808 {D.E} feed additive is a product of Delta Romeo Trading.The D.E is mined in Marinduque and then processed in Manila so it is a home grown product.
 Scott Enterprises is the area distributor for DTM D.E feed additive for Davao ,Mindanao. For a distributer in your area,go to www.deltaromeo.net
 Scott Enterprises sells D.E for P140 per kg,but your best saving is to purchase D.E by the sack which only cost P80 per kg or P2000 per sack.Again that is a "feed grade D.E"
 Suggested dosage of DTM 808 feed grade D.E for goats is 3kg mixed with 50kg of feed. I almost forgot to mention that it also prevent scouring. Goats feed D.E are able to digest almost 100% of the protein in feed which means the goats manure will have no odor.No odor means no flies.
 So you see,there are many advantages to using D.E .For orders in Davao,email us at scott_enterprises@ymail.com or call/text 09186203208 and start saving money today.


Title: Re: Worm problems
Post by: Scott Enterprises on December 14, 2011, 07:18:49 PM
Update on D.E pricing. Per 1 kg package is still P140 while we have lowered our 25kg sack price to P1,875 or P75 per kg.A further discount applies with an order of 5 - 25kg sacks of D.E will cost P1,750 or P70 per kg. There are many beef,dairy and goat farmers who will use nothing but D.E to deworm their animals and keep them worm free.Plus they have happy neighbors because the animal's manure has next to no odor,flies population greatly decreased. Animals benefit from at 15 beneficial tract elements.
 For any question or orders,please contant us at scott_enterprises@ymail.com or CP#09186203208  We provide an MSDS for every first time purchase. Make sure you request an MSDS before purchasing D.E because there are a lot of fake D.E sellers out there.