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Author Topic: Vietnam Pigs Affected by PRRS  (Read 582 times)
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nemo
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« on: June 03, 2008, 09:14:35 AM »

Vietnam Pigs Affected by PRRS
May 27, 2008

VIETNAM - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), known as "blue ear" disease, has hit 270,000 pigs in Vietnam, or one percent of the country's pig population, since late March, local newspaper Vietnam Economic Times reported Tuesday.

Northern Thanh Hoa province has suffered the biggest loss with nearly 200,000 affected pigs, accounting for nearly 15 percent of the province's pig population, the paper quoted Nguyen Thanh Son, vice director of the country's Department of Animal Health, as saying.

Now, PRRS is hitting 10 Vietnamese provinces, including Thanh Hoa, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh in the northern region, and Ha Tinh, Nghe An, Lam Dong and Thua Thien Huein the central region, and Vinh Long in the southern one, according to the department.

PRRS was first recognized in the United States in the mid-1980sand is now present in most pig producing countries. The symptoms include reproductive failure, pneumonia and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection.

source:pigsite.com
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« Reply #1 on: August 15, 2008, 07:42:14 AM »

PRRS : What’s with the Swine Crisis?
The latest swine disease to hit the country is a complex one. But experts are not giving up hope.

Like the dreaded AIDS human disease, the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome or PRRS is shrouded with mystery. Since its first occurrence in the US in 1987, the scientific and animal health communities couldn’t explain what the disease was all about except that it was viral in nature, its only known host is the pig and that there is no specific treatment. That was why at that time, it was called by many names: “Mystery Swine Disease,” “Blue Ear Disease” and High Fever Syndrome.” Serological evidence suggests that the disease may have been present in Canada before it was discovered in 1987.

Today, the bafflement continues. Although PRRS’ clinical signs have been identified to include reproductive failure, death in young pigs and mild respiratory disease in pigs of all ages, there is still no known treatment for the viral infection. What makes the disease complicated is that the symptoms are multi-factorial and oftentimes, cannot be seen by the naked eye. Currently, PRRS has been found in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, South America and Caribbean countries and the Philippines. In 2005, PAHC data reveals that 98% of 46 farms in Luzon are found to be seropositive to PRRS, while in the Visayas and Mindanao areas, 65% of 170 farms are also seropositive to the disease.

To shed light on PRRS, we recently talked to Dr. Eugene Mende, DVM, MSC, who is currently the Veterinary Services Manager, SMFI Feeds and Animal Health Care. At the recently concluded INAHGEN 2008 held at the SM X Convention Center, SM Mall of Asia, Dr. Mende delivered a lecture to a full-packed crowd on “PRRSV Controlled Inoculation: It’s Potentials and Limitations in Philippine Herds.” The sheer size of the people who eagerly listened to the outspoken veterinarian was enough to convince us that more and more farmers are getting alarmed and want to get as much information about PRRS.

Excerpts from our interview:

How would you explain PRRS in simple terms?

PRRS is now the biggest viral infection in the world. It’s a viral infection that results in the abortion of sows. At the same time, it causes pneumonia in pigs and piglets. It’s multi-systemic. Sometimes, the pigs will suffer from diarrhea and other secondary infections. The sows at 60 to 70 days old, could suffer from abortion, or would give birth to unhealthy piglets who would carry other infections.

What makes PRRS complicated compared to other swine diseases?
It’s an RNA virus, a highly imitating one. The protein for protection has not been discovered yet. Even if you have potent vaccines, there is still no proven protection against other strains. So it’s an RNA virus that easily mutates. If your vaccine is specific only for one strain, it cannot give protection to the other strains. Here in the Philippines, we still have no capacity to identify the strains, so it’s more difficult to tell which vaccines we have to use. That’s the profile of the virus. It’s easy to mutate, doesn’t create good antibodies and we still don’t have the’ capacity to understand the virus. Unfortunately, we still pale in comparison to the US in terms of technology to understand the virus.

What was the gist of your seminar?
My talk centered on the basic component of treating PRRS. Swine producers have choices and one of them is to vaccinate. Your goal is to have a sow that’s seronegative and piglets that you will isolate from the herd. This means the sows should be uniformly infected and uniformly immune. You have to have stable protection for all sows. If they are protected, they will give births to piglets that are sero-negative. But the problem is: how do you uniformly infect the breeding herd and how do you get uniform immunity?

And this is where serum inoculation comes in… Serum inoculation has been practiced in the US for a long time now. Essentially, it says that if you have confirmed the virus in your herd through serology, why not use it to inoculate and infect the whole herd? With that, at least you’re assured that the strain came from your herd and not from somewhere else. So you can control the treatment or vaccination program. Based on studies, when you do this, after 42 days, seroconversion occurs. But the limitation of this is, if you do this thing without consulting a doctor, there’s a possibility that what you’ll get isn’t just PRRS but other strains. You need the use of diagnostics. Get the blood samples, confirm if its PRRS, have it sequenced genetically and get the genetic profile to know if it’s the same strain. Another limitation is that you need to coordinate with other people because you might have given protection for a specific strain but there’s always this possibility that, in the middle of your application, other strains would come from other farms. So you need bio-security and coordination with other farms.

What advice can you give to people who suspect that their pigs have been infected with the PRRS virus?
You can contact B-Meg. We give free support. We can help you take blood samples, diagnosis, etc. We can tell them if there is sero-conversion. What we can really advise is to do diagnostic sampling. To get blood samples for serology and collect organ samples for bacteria isolation. That’s the best way for now. It’s a complex disease because the symptoms cannot just be seen in lesions, etc. So diagnostic sampling is really the best way.




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